Cadmium (Cd) Toxicity: What Diseases Are Associated with ...
Cadmium nephropathy is an important determinant of mortality in cadmium workers. Toxic effects on the kidney are dose-related (Mueller et al. 1992). For workers, the risk of clinical nephropathy increases significantly with total airborne exposures greater than 300 mg/m 3, urine cadmium levels greater than 10 µg/g creatinine, and renal cortex ...